CMA Anatomy and Physiology 4

Question 1

Which layer of the skin contains melanocytes and Merkel cells?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Answer

The stratum basale (deepest epidermal layer) contains stem cells for regeneration, melanocytes, and Merkel cells.

Question 2

What is the role of surfactant in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Reduce surface tension to prevent alveolar collapse

Answer

Surfactant, produced by type II alveolar cells, reduces surface tension in alveoli, preventing them from collapsing during exhalation.

Question 3

The median cubital vein, commonly used for venipuncture, is located at which anatomical site?

Accepted Answer

Antecubital fossa of the elbow

Answer

The median cubital vein crosses the antecubital fossa (inner elbow) and is the preferred site for routine blood draws.

Question 4

Which structure connects a muscle to a bone?

Accepted Answer

Tendon

Answer

Tendons are dense fibrous connective tissue bands that attach muscles to bones, transmitting the force of muscle contraction.

Question 5

The hormone insulin is produced by which cells of the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

Beta cells

Answer

Beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas secrete insulin in response to elevated blood glucose.

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