Nutrition & Wellness in Pregnancy Flashcards

Which substance is completely contraindicated throughout pregnancy due to increased risk of miscarriage, preterm birth, and fetal alcohol syndrome?

Answer: Alcohol

There is no established safe level of alcohol consumption during pregnancy; alcohol causes fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and increases risks of miscarriage and stillbirth.

Omega-3 fatty acids (DHA) are important during pregnancy primarily for:

Answer: Fetal brain and retinal (eye) development

DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) is a critical omega-3 fatty acid for fetal brain cortex and retinal development, particularly in the third trimester.

Adequate hydration during pregnancy is recommended at approximately:

Answer: 8–10 cups (64–80 oz) per day

ACOG recommends approximately 8–10 cups (64–80 oz) of fluid daily during pregnancy to support increased blood volume and amniotic fluid production.

Heartburn (gastroesophageal reflux) is common during pregnancy due to which physiological change?

Answer: Progesterone-induced relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and uterine pressure

Progesterone relaxes smooth muscle including the lower esophageal sphincter, while the expanding uterus increases intra-abdominal pressure, promoting acid reflux.

Which prenatal supplement is recommended to support thyroid function and fetal neurodevelopment?

Answer: Iodine

Adequate iodine is essential during pregnancy for maternal thyroid hormone production, which is critical for fetal brain and neurological development.

The primary purpose of encouraging left lateral positioning during late pregnancy is to:

Answer: Relieve aortocaval compression and improve uteroplacental blood flow

Left lateral positioning prevents the gravid uterus from compressing the inferior vena cava and aorta, optimizing venous return and uteroplacental circulation.