Laser Hair Removal Techniques Flashcards

What is the primary reason multiple laser hair removal sessions are required to achieve permanent hair reduction?

Answer: Only follicles in the anagen (active growth) phase are effectively destroyed per session

Laser hair removal is most effective during the anagen phase, when the hair shaft is rich in melanin and physically connected to the matrix cells that need to be destroyed. Only 15–30% of follicles are in anagen at any time; multiple sessions spaced to coincide with successive anagen cycles are required to treat the full follicle population.

When treating the upper lip with laser hair removal, which parameter adjustment minimizes the risk of a lip or gingival burn?

Answer: Using smaller spot sizes, lower fluences, and ensuring no contact with mucous membranes

The perioral area has thin skin and proximity to mucous membranes. Using smaller spot sizes reduces the depth of penetration and limits the treatment field. Lower fluences reduce total energy delivered. The handpiece must not contact or overshoot onto lip mucosa. A dental retractor or patient-held shield may also be used.

Which endpoint is used to confirm an adequate treatment response during laser hair removal?

Answer: Perifollicular erythema and edema (follicular papule) within minutes of treatment

Perifollicular erythema and edema (sometimes described as 'follicular papules' or a mild urticarial response) appearing within minutes of the laser pulse indicate sufficient heat was generated in the follicle. This is the expected therapeutic endpoint. Uniform blanching suggests excessive non-selective epidermal heating, which is a sign of overtreatment.

A patient presents four weeks after their third laser hair removal session with hypopigmented macules at the treatment sites. What is the most likely cause?

Answer: Thermal damage to epidermal melanocytes from excessive fluence or inadequate cooling

Hypopigmentation following laser hair removal results from thermal injury to epidermal and follicular melanocytes, which are rich in melanin and absorb significant laser energy. Excessive fluence, insufficient cooling, tanned skin, or inappropriate wavelength choice can damage melanocytes, causing temporary or permanent hypopigmentation.

When performing laser hair removal in the bikini area, which safety measure is specifically important regarding the genitalia?

Answer: Shielding or avoiding treatment directly over mucosal tissues and external genitalia

Mucosal tissues and the external genitalia are highly vascularized, thin, and lack the protective melanin gradient seen in haired skin. They are extremely sensitive to thermal injury. Treatment should be confined to hair-bearing skin only, with careful shielding or avoidance of mucous membrane areas.

Paradoxical hypertrichosis is a rare adverse effect of laser hair removal. Which patient population is considered at higher risk?

Answer: Patients with darker skin types and fine vellus hair on the face or neck treated at subtherapeutic fluences

Paradoxical hypertrichosis—stimulation of hair growth rather than reduction—is most associated with treating fine vellus hair in darker skin types, particularly on the face and neck, often with subtherapeutic fluences that stimulate rather than destroy follicles. Patients should be counseled about this risk before facial hair removal.