Therapeutic Nutrition and Disease Management Flashcards
6 cards from real Clinical Nutritionist CCN practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Therapeutic Nutrition and Disease Management flashcards as text
Which dietary intervention is first-line therapy for managing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)?
Answer: 5-10% body weight reduction through caloric restriction and increased physical activity
A 5-10% reduction in body weight through lifestyle modification is the most effective intervention for improving liver histology, reducing hepatic steatosis, and decreasing inflammation in NAFLD.
In chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3-5 (non-dialysis), what is the recommended dietary protein intake?
Answer: 0.6-0.8 g/kg body weight per day
Low-protein diets (0.6-0.8 g/kg/day) are recommended for non-dialysis CKD to reduce nitrogen waste accumulation, decrease uremic toxin burden, and slow disease progression.
The DASH diet, designed to lower blood pressure, emphasizes which dietary pattern?
Answer: High fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy, whole grains, lean protein; low sodium, saturated fat, red meat
DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) emphasizes potassium, magnesium, and calcium-rich foods while limiting sodium to 1,500-2,300 mg/day, reducing systolic BP by 8-14 mmHg.
Which nutritional intervention is most effective for reducing LDL cholesterol in hyperlipidemia?
Answer: Replacing saturated fats with unsaturated fats and increasing soluble fiber
Replacing saturated fatty acids with polyunsaturated fats and adding soluble fiber (psyllium, beta-glucan) are the two dietary changes with strongest evidence for LDL reduction.
In type 2 diabetes management, what is the glycemic index (GI), and how is it used clinically?
Answer: A ranking of carbohydrate foods based on their effect on blood glucose compared to pure glucose (GI=100)
GI ranks foods on a 0-100 scale based on their postprandial blood glucose response relative to glucose; choosing low-GI foods can improve glycemic control in diabetes.
For a patient with heart failure, which dietary restriction is critical to prevent fluid overload?
Answer: Sodium restriction to 2,000 mg/day or less
Sodium restriction to ≤2,000 mg/day reduces fluid retention, decreasing preload and limiting exacerbations of heart failure symptoms such as edema and dyspnea.
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