Macronutrients and Metabolism Flashcards
6 cards from real Clinical Nutritionist CCN practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Macronutrients and Metabolism flashcards as text
Which metabolic pathway converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, linking glycolysis to the citric acid cycle?
Answer: Pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex irreversibly converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, bridging glycolysis and the TCA cycle.
How many ATP molecules are theoretically produced from the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose?
Answer: 30-32 ATP
Complete oxidation of glucose yields approximately 30-32 ATP via glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
Which hormone primarily stimulates lipolysis in adipose tissue during fasting?
Answer: Glucagon
Glucagon activates hormone-sensitive lipase in adipocytes, promoting the breakdown of stored triglycerides during fasting.
The respiratory quotient (RQ) for carbohydrate oxidation is:
Answer: 1.0
Carbohydrate oxidation produces equal moles of CO2 and O2 consumed, giving an RQ of 1.0.
Which amino acids are considered essential and cannot be synthesized by the human body?
Answer: Leucine, isoleucine, valine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, histidine
Nine amino acids are essential for adults and must be obtained from diet because the body cannot synthesize them in adequate amounts.
Which process converts excess dietary protein into glucose for energy during prolonged fasting?
Answer: Gluconeogenesis
Gluconeogenesis synthesizes glucose from glucogenic amino acids, lactate, and glycerol when carbohydrate intake is insufficient.
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