Macronutrients and Metabolism Flashcards
6 cards from real Clinical Nutritionist CCN practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Macronutrients and Metabolism flashcards as text
Which of the following is the primary storage form of carbohydrates in the human body?
Answer: Glycogen
Glycogen is the branched polysaccharide stored primarily in the liver and skeletal muscle as the body's main carbohydrate reserve.
What is the caloric density of dietary fat per gram?
Answer: 9 kcal/g
Dietary fat provides 9 kcal per gram, making it the most energy-dense macronutrient compared to protein and carbohydrates at 4 kcal/g each.
Which enzyme initiates the digestion of dietary starch in the mouth?
Answer: Salivary amylase
Salivary amylase (ptyalin) begins starch hydrolysis in the oral cavity, cleaving alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds to produce maltose and dextrins.
What is the main clinical consequence of essential fatty acid deficiency in adults?
Answer: Scaly dermatitis and impaired wound healing
Deficiency of essential fatty acids (linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid) presents as scaly dermatitis, alopecia, and impaired wound healing due to compromised membrane integrity.
Which metabolic process converts amino acids to keto acids and transfers the amino group to alpha-ketoglutarate?
Answer: Transamination
Transamination transfers an amino group from an amino acid to alpha-ketoglutarate, forming glutamate and the corresponding keto acid, catalyzed by aminotransferases.
Which type of dietary fiber has been shown to lower LDL cholesterol by binding bile acids in the intestine?
Answer: Soluble fiber (e.g., beta-glucan, pectin)
Soluble fibers form viscous gels that trap bile acids, forcing the liver to use cholesterol to synthesize new bile acids, thereby lowering serum LDL.
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