Clinical Assessment and Nutritional Diagnosis Flashcards

Which anthropometric measurement is most commonly used to assess central adiposity and cardiovascular risk?

Answer: Waist circumference

Waist circumference directly measures abdominal fat and is a stronger predictor of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk than BMI alone.

Which laboratory marker is used to assess long-term glycemic control over approximately 2-3 months?

Answer: Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)

HbA1c reflects average blood glucose levels over the lifespan of red blood cells (~2-3 months) and is the gold standard for monitoring diabetes management.

In a nutritional assessment, what does a 24-hour dietary recall capture that a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) does not?

Answer: Detailed quantitative intake on a specific day

A 24-hour recall collects precise quantitative data on all foods and beverages consumed in the previous 24 hours, capturing one day's actual intake in detail.

Which visceral protein has the shortest half-life and is therefore most sensitive to acute changes in nutritional status?

Answer: Retinol-binding protein — half-life ~12 hours

Retinol-binding protein has the shortest half-life of approximately 12 hours, making it the most sensitive indicator of acute changes in nutritional status.

The Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) incorporates which three components to assess malnutrition risk?

Answer: BMI, unintentional weight loss, and acute disease effect

MUST scores BMI (0-2), percentage unintentional weight loss over 3-6 months (0-2), and acute disease effect (0 or 2), with total score guiding intervention.

Which physical examination finding in a patient with malnutrition indicates significant depletion of subcutaneous fat stores?

Answer: Hollow temples and visible ribs with loose skin

Visible bony prominences with loose, redundant skin, hollow temples, and visible intercostal muscles indicate severe depletion of subcutaneous fat reserves.