Clinical Nutritionist CCN Macronutrients and Metabolism 3

Question 1

Which of the following is the primary storage form of carbohydrates in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Answer

Glycogen is the branched polysaccharide stored primarily in the liver and skeletal muscle as the body's main carbohydrate reserve.

Question 2

What is the caloric density of dietary fat per gram?

Accepted Answer

9 kcal/g

Answer

Dietary fat provides 9 kcal per gram, making it the most energy-dense macronutrient compared to protein and carbohydrates at 4 kcal/g each.

Question 3

Which enzyme initiates the digestion of dietary starch in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

Salivary amylase

Answer

Salivary amylase (ptyalin) begins starch hydrolysis in the oral cavity, cleaving alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds to produce maltose and dextrins.

Question 4

What is the main clinical consequence of essential fatty acid deficiency in adults?

Accepted Answer

Scaly dermatitis and impaired wound healing

Answer

Deficiency of essential fatty acids (linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid) presents as scaly dermatitis, alopecia, and impaired wound healing due to compromised membrane integrity.

Question 5

Which metabolic process converts amino acids to keto acids and transfers the amino group to alpha-ketoglutarate?

Accepted Answer

Transamination

Answer

Transamination transfers an amino group from an amino acid to alpha-ketoglutarate, forming glutamate and the corresponding keto acid, catalyzed by aminotransferases.

Clinical Nutritionist CCN Practice Test

Clinical Nutritionist CCN Practice Test

Clinical Nutritionist CCN Macronutrients and Metabolism 3