Clinical Nutritionist CCN Macronutrients and Metabolism

Question 1

Which metabolic pathway converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, linking glycolysis to the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction

Answer

Beta-oxidation

Answer

Transamination

Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 2

How many ATP molecules are theoretically produced from the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

30-32 ATP

Answer

2 ATP

Answer

18 ATP

Answer

38 ATP

Question 3

Which hormone primarily stimulates lipolysis in adipose tissue during fasting?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Leptin

Answer

Ghrelin

Question 4

The respiratory quotient (RQ) for carbohydrate oxidation is:

Accepted Answer

1.0

Answer

0.7

Answer

0.85

Answer

1.2

Question 5

Which amino acids are considered essential and cannot be synthesized by the human body?

Accepted Answer

Leucine, isoleucine, valine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, histidine

Answer

Glutamine, alanine, serine, glycine, proline

Answer

Arginine, tyrosine, cysteine, taurine

Answer

Aspartate, glutamate, asparagine, glutamine

Question 6

Which process converts excess dietary protein into glucose for energy during prolonged fasting?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Answer

Glycogenolysis

Answer

Lipogenesis

Answer

Ketogenesis