Clinical Prevention & Population Health Flashcards

A CNL develops a program to increase mammography screening rates. Which behavior change theory would BEST guide the intervention design?

Answer: Health Belief Model

The Health Belief Model explains health behavior based on perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy — directly applicable to screening promotion.

In the context of CNL practice, what does 'health literacy' refer to?

Answer: The degree to which individuals can obtain, process, and understand health information to make appropriate decisions

Health literacy is the capacity to find, understand, and use health information and services to make informed decisions about one's health.

A CNL reviews county health data and identifies that hypertension rates are highest in census tracts with the fewest grocery stores. This relationship reflects which concept?

Answer: Food desert as a social determinant of health

Food deserts — areas with limited access to affordable, nutritious foods — are a social determinant of health linked to poor cardiovascular outcomes.

Which epidemiological measure would a CNL use to determine the proportion of a population that has a disease at a specific point in time?

Answer: Prevalence

Prevalence is the proportion of a population with a condition at a given point in time, encompassing both new and existing cases.

A CNL is establishing a care coordination program for high-risk patients. Which patient group should be prioritized for enrollment?

Answer: Patients with multiple chronic conditions, frequent ED visits, and poor health literacy

Patients with multiple chronic conditions, frequent ED use, and low health literacy have the greatest need for intensive care coordination to prevent deterioration and avoidable utilization.

Which of the following is the BEST example of a primary prevention strategy for cardiovascular disease?

Answer: Community-wide physical activity promotion campaigns

Primary prevention targets individuals before disease develops; community physical activity promotion reduces cardiovascular risk factors before disease onset.