CLEP Biology 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles?
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase (Correct answer)
- Telophase
Correct answer: Anaphase
In anaphase, the centromeres split and sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles.
Question 2: Which molecule serves as the primary energy currency of the cell?
- DNA
- ATP (Correct answer)
- Glucose
- NADP+
Correct answer: ATP
ATP releases usable energy when its terminal phosphate bond is hydrolyzed.
Question 3: In a dihybrid cross of two heterozygotes (AaBb x AaBb), what is the expected phenotypic ratio?
- 3:1
- 1:1:1:1
- 9:3:3:1 (Correct answer)
- 1:2:1
Correct answer: 9:3:3:1
Independent assortment of two traits yields a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio.
Question 4: Which organelle is responsible for detoxification and lipid synthesis in liver cells?
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Correct answer)
- Golgi apparatus
- Lysosome
Correct answer: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
The smooth ER lacks ribosomes and handles lipid synthesis and detoxification.
Question 5: What type of bond holds complementary base pairs together in the DNA double helix?
- Covalent bonds
- Hydrogen bonds (Correct answer)
- Ionic bonds
- Peptide bonds
Correct answer: Hydrogen bonds
Hydrogen bonds between bases allow the strands to separate during replication.
Question 6: Which process converts atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia usable by plants?
- Denitrification
- Nitrogen fixation (Correct answer)
- Photosynthesis
- Transpiration
Correct answer: Nitrogen fixation
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert N2 gas into ammonia for plant uptake.
Question 7: An enzyme's activity is reduced when a molecule binds a site other than the active site. This is called:
- Competitive inhibition
- Noncompetitive inhibition (Correct answer)
- Feedback activation
- Denaturation
Correct answer: Noncompetitive inhibition
Noncompetitive inhibitors bind an allosteric site, altering enzyme shape and function.
CLEP Biology 2
During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles?