CLAD (NI) 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: In the context of CLAD, what does 'negotiated interaction' primarily refer to?
- Students memorizing vocabulary lists
- Collaborative meaning-making between speakers to achieve mutual understanding (Correct answer)
- Teachers correcting grammar errors explicitly
- Students translating text from their native language
Correct answer: Collaborative meaning-making between speakers to achieve mutual understanding
Negotiated interaction involves the process by which speakers modify, repeat, or clarify speech to achieve mutual comprehension.
Question 2: Which theorist is most closely associated with the Input Hypothesis in second language acquisition?
- Lev Vygotsky
- Jim Cummins
- Stephen Krashen (Correct answer)
- Noam Chomsky
Correct answer: Stephen Krashen
Stephen Krashen proposed the Input Hypothesis, arguing that learners acquire language when they receive comprehensible input slightly beyond their current level (i+1).
Question 3: A teacher notices a student is struggling to understand a new concept and rephrases the explanation using simpler vocabulary. This is an example of:
- Scaffolding through input modification (Correct answer)
- Error correction feedback
- Metalinguistic instruction
- Silent period enforcement
Correct answer: Scaffolding through input modification
Modifying input to make it comprehensible is a key scaffolding strategy that supports language acquisition.
Question 4: Which of the following best describes 'foreigner talk' in second language acquisition research?
- Slang used exclusively by non-native speakers
- Simplified speech used by native speakers when addressing language learners (Correct answer)
- A dialect spoken in multilingual border regions
- The first language a child acquires at home
Correct answer: Simplified speech used by native speakers when addressing language learners
Foreigner talk is the modified, simplified register that fluent speakers often use unconsciously when speaking with less proficient speakers.
Question 5: According to Krashen, 'i+1' refers to input that is:
- Far above the learner's current proficiency level
- Slightly beyond the learner's current level of competence (Correct answer)
- Exactly at the learner's current level
- One unit below the learner's current level to build confidence
Correct answer: Slightly beyond the learner's current level of competence
Krashen's formula i+1 means input that is one step beyond what the learner currently knows, making it comprehensible yet challenging.
Question 6: A student who is in the 'silent period' of language acquisition is best supported by a teacher who:
- Requires the student to speak in front of the class daily
- Forces error correction after every utterance
- Provides rich comprehensible input without demanding immediate verbal output (Correct answer)
- Assigns only written tasks to avoid speaking anxiety
Correct answer: Provides rich comprehensible input without demanding immediate verbal output
During the silent period, learners absorb language input before they are ready to produce output; forcing speech can hinder acquisition.
Question 7: Which instructional approach best aligns with providing 'natural input' to English learners in a mainstream classroom?
- Grammar-translation drills focusing on conjugation
- Total Physical Response (TPR) combined with context-rich, meaningful activities (Correct answer)
- Exclusive use of the student's native language for all instruction
- Requiring students to complete workbook grammar exercises independently
Correct answer: Total Physical Response (TPR) combined with context-rich, meaningful activities
TPR and context-rich activities provide natural, comprehensible input by connecting language to physical actions and meaningful contexts.
CLAD (NI) 2
In the context of CLAD, what does 'negotiated interaction' primarily refer to?