Factors Affecting Language Acquisition Flashcards

Which affective factor most directly influences a language learner's willingness to take risks in communication?

Answer: Self-esteem

Self-esteem affects how willing learners are to attempt communication and risk making errors.

A student who arrived in the U.S. at age 4 is more likely to acquire native-like pronunciation than one who arrived at age 14. This is best explained by:

Answer: The critical period hypothesis

The critical period hypothesis suggests there is an optimal biological window, typically before puberty, for acquiring native-like phonology.

According to Krashen, which condition is essential for language acquisition to occur?

Answer: Comprehensible input slightly beyond the learner's current level

Krashen's input hypothesis (i+1) states that acquisition occurs when learners receive input just beyond their current competence.

Which sociocultural factor has the greatest impact on a child's rate of English language development in school?

Answer: Socioeconomic status

Socioeconomic status affects access to books, educational resources, and enriched language environments that accelerate development.

A student who consistently avoids using complex sentence structures to prevent making errors is demonstrating:

Answer: Communication avoidance strategy

Communication avoidance occurs when learners deliberately sidestep linguistic forms they are not confident using.

Research on the 'silent period' in second language acquisition suggests that teachers should:

Answer: Allow time for receptive language development before requiring production

The silent period is a natural phase where learners absorb input; pressuring production too early can increase anxiety.

Which of the following best describes 'instrumental motivation' in language learning?

Answer: Learning a language for practical goals such as employment or academic success

Instrumental motivation is driven by utilitarian goals like passing a test, getting a job, or fulfilling requirements.