Bilingual Education and Program Models Flashcards

The concept of 'additive bilingualism' refers to a situation where:

Answer: Learning a second language adds to the first without diminishing it

Additive bilingualism occurs when a second language is acquired while the first language is maintained and valued, resulting in full bilingualism.

Which federal legislation has most directly shaped bilingual education policy in U.S. public schools by requiring states to identify and serve English learners?

Answer: Elementary and Secondary Education Act / Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)

ESEA (reauthorized as ESSA) and its Title III provisions require states to identify ELs, provide language instruction programs, and report on their progress.

The Lau v. Nichols (1974) Supreme Court decision established that:

Answer: Providing the same English instruction to all students does not guarantee equal educational opportunity for ELs

Lau v. Nichols ruled that identical instruction does not mean equal opportunity; schools must take affirmative steps to address language barriers for ELs.

Early-exit transitional bilingual programs differ from late-exit programs primarily in:

Answer: How long native language support is maintained before full transition to English

Early-exit programs transition students to English-only instruction by second or third grade, while late-exit programs maintain native language support through fifth or sixth grade.

Content-based ESL instruction differs from traditional pull-out ESL primarily because:

Answer: It uses grade-level academic content as the vehicle for teaching English language skills

Content-based ESL integrates language development with academic content, making instruction meaningful and aligned with grade-level standards.

Which term describes the phenomenon where English learners lose proficiency in their home language as they gain proficiency in English, often due to lack of continued home language instruction?

Answer: Subtractive bilingualism

Subtractive bilingualism occurs when acquiring English leads to the erosion of the home language, often resulting in monolingualism in English.