CIT CIT Bone Grafting & Osseointegration 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is osseointegration in the context of dental implantology?
- The fusion of the crown to the abutment
- The direct structural and functional connection between living bone and implant surface (Correct answer)
- The attachment of soft tissue to the implant collar
- The process of sterilizing titanium surfaces
Correct answer: The direct structural and functional connection between living bone and implant surface
Osseointegration, defined by Brånemark, is the direct contact between living bone and the implant surface at the microscopic level without intervening connective tissue.
Question 2: Which bone graft source uses bone harvested from a different location in the same patient?
- Xenograft
- Allograft
- Autograft (Correct answer)
- Alloplast
Correct answer: Autograft
An autograft uses the patient's own bone (e.g., from the chin, ramus, or iliac crest), making it the gold standard due to its osteogenic, osteoinductive, and osteoconductive properties.
Question 3: Deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) used as a bone graft material is classified as a:
- Autograft
- Allograft
- Xenograft (Correct answer)
- Alloplast
Correct answer: Xenograft
DBBM (e.g., Bio-Oss) is derived from bovine (cow) bone and is classified as a xenograft — a graft sourced from a different species.
Question 4: Which property of a bone graft material describes its ability to provide a scaffold for new bone ingrowth?
- Osteogenesis
- Osteoinduction
- Osteoconduction (Correct answer)
- Osseointegration
Correct answer: Osteoconduction
Osteoconduction refers to the scaffold or lattice property that guides new bone growth by providing a physical framework for ingrowth of blood vessels and osteoprogenitor cells.
Question 5: A sinus lift (sinus augmentation) procedure is performed primarily when:
- The patient has a sinus infection
- Posterior maxillary bone height is insufficient for implant placement (Correct answer)
- The implant diameter is too wide
- Soft tissue volume is lacking
Correct answer: Posterior maxillary bone height is insufficient for implant placement
A sinus lift elevates the Schneiderian membrane and places bone graft material in the maxillary sinus floor to create adequate bone height for posterior implants.
Question 6: Which surface treatment of titanium implants has been shown to enhance osseointegration by increasing surface roughness?
- Electropolishing
- Sand-blasting and acid-etching (SLA) (Correct answer)
- Anodizing to create a smooth surface
- Coating with acrylic resin
Correct answer: Sand-blasting and acid-etching (SLA)
SLA (sand-blasted, large-grit, acid-etched) surface treatment creates a micro-rough topography that increases surface area and promotes bone cell attachment.
CIT CIT Bone Grafting & Osseointegration 1
What is osseointegration in the context of dental implantology?