CHES Evaluation and Research Methods 5 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: A health educator wants to track behavior change over time in the same group of participants. Which study design is most appropriate?
- Cross-sectional study
- Case-control study
- Longitudinal cohort study (Correct answer)
- Ecological study
Correct answer: Longitudinal cohort study
A longitudinal cohort study follows the same participants over time, making it ideal for tracking changes and temporal relationships.
Question 2: Which item format is most effective for measuring attitudes on a health education survey?
- Open-ended narrative questions
- Likert-scale items (Correct answer)
- True/false questions
- Multiple-choice knowledge items
Correct answer: Likert-scale items
Likert scales quantify the degree of agreement or disagreement with statements, making them well-suited for measuring attitudes.
Question 3: In program evaluation, reliability refers to:
- The accuracy of results in measuring the true outcome
- The consistency of measurement across time or raters (Correct answer)
- The program's ability to be replicated in other settings
- Whether the sample represents the target population
Correct answer: The consistency of measurement across time or raters
Reliability is the degree to which a measure produces stable, consistent results under the same conditions.
Question 4: Effect size in research provides information about:
- Whether the results are statistically significant
- The practical magnitude of the difference between groups (Correct answer)
- The probability that the null hypothesis is true
- Sample size requirements for the study
Correct answer: The practical magnitude of the difference between groups
Effect size quantifies the practical significance of a finding by indicating how large the difference or relationship is, independent of sample size.
Question 5: Which IRB review level applies to minimal-risk health education research involving anonymous surveys?
- Full board review
- Expedited review
- Exempt review (Correct answer)
- No review required
Correct answer: Exempt review
Anonymous surveys posing minimal risk typically qualify for exempt review, the lowest level of IRB oversight.
Question 6: A community health needs assessment using key informant interviews is gathering which type of data?
- Secondary quantitative data
- Primary qualitative data (Correct answer)
- Epidemiological surveillance data
- Randomized trial data
Correct answer: Primary qualitative data
Key informant interviews are a primary qualitative method where knowledgeable community members provide firsthand insights about health needs.
Question 7: The PRECEDE-PROCEED model's 'PROCEED' phase focuses primarily on:
- Diagnosing social and epidemiological factors
- Identifying predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors
- Implementing and evaluating the health program (Correct answer)
- Conducting formative research with target populations
Correct answer: Implementing and evaluating the health program
The PROCEED phase involves policy, regulatory, and organizational constructs for education and environmental development, along with implementation and evaluation.
CHES Evaluation and Research Methods 5
A health educator wants to track behavior change over time in the same group of participants.
Which study design is most appropriate?