CET Medication Safety & Pharmacology Flashcards

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution is used in endoscopy practice primarily as:

Answer: A bowel preparation agent before colonoscopy

PEG solution is an osmotic laxative that draws water into the colon to cleanse it before colonoscopy, providing high-quality bowel preparation.

Epinephrine injected into a bleeding GI lesion during endoscopic hemostasis controls bleeding primarily by:

Answer: Causing local vasoconstriction and promoting platelet aggregation

Epinephrine causes vasoconstriction of submucosal vessels and promotes platelet aggregation when injected around a bleeding lesion during endoscopic hemostasis.

Acetic acid (1–2%) applied to the esophageal mucosa during endoscopy is used to:

Answer: Enhance visualization of Barrett's esophagus by acetowhitening

Acetic acid causes transient acetowhitening of columnar epithelium in Barrett's esophagus, highlighting the extent of metaplastic tissue for targeted biopsy.

Methylene blue and indigo carmine sprayed on the GI mucosa during chromoendoscopy are used as:

Answer: Contrast dye stains to enhance mucosal detail

Methylene blue and indigo carmine are topical contrast dyes that pool in mucosal pits, enhancing visualization of subtle lesions and dysplasia during chromoendoscopy.

Cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive injected endoscopically is the preferred treatment for:

Answer: Gastric fundal varices

Cyanoacrylate (tissue glue) is injected into gastric fundal varices to obliterate the varix, preventing life-threatening hemorrhage.

Sodium phosphate bowel preparation solution is contraindicated in patients with which condition?

Answer: Renal impairment

Sodium phosphate can cause acute phosphate nephropathy and dangerous electrolyte shifts in patients with renal impairment, making it contraindicated in this population.