Anatomy, Physiology & Medical Terminology Flashcards

What is the primary function of the ileocecal valve?

Answer: Prevent backflow from the colon into the small intestine

The ileocecal valve prevents retrograde movement of colonic contents into the ileum, protecting the small intestine from bacterial contamination.

The medical suffix '-scopy' means:

Answer: Visual examination

The suffix '-scopy' means visual examination or inspection, as in colonoscopy (visual examination of the colon).

Which cells in the stomach lining secrete hydrochloric acid?

Answer: Parietal cells

Parietal (oxyntic) cells in the gastric mucosa secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor.

What is 'peristalsis'?

Answer: Rhythmic wave-like muscular contractions that propel food through the GI tract

Peristalsis is coordinated, rhythmic smooth muscle contractions that move food and waste through the digestive tract.

The term 'melena' describes stool that is:

Answer: Black, tarry, and foul-smelling

Melena refers to black, tarry stools caused by digested blood, typically indicating upper GI bleeding.

Which anatomical landmark is used to estimate the location of the splenic flexure?

Answer: Left costal margin

The splenic flexure (left colic flexure) lies near the left costal margin, just inferior to the spleen.

What does the abbreviation 'NPO' mean in clinical practice?

Answer: Nothing by mouth

NPO stands for 'nil per os' (Latin), meaning nothing by mouth; patients are kept NPO before endoscopic procedures.