Certified Surgical Technologist Anatomy and Physiology 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which layer of the abdominal wall is incised last before entering the peritoneal cavity?
- Skin
- Fascia
- Peritoneum (Correct answer)
- Muscle
Correct answer: Peritoneum
The peritoneum is the innermost layer of the abdominal wall and is entered last to access the peritoneal cavity.
Question 2: The celiac trunk is the first major branch of the abdominal aorta and supplies blood to which organs?
- Kidneys and adrenal glands
- Stomach, liver, and spleen (Correct answer)
- Small and large intestine
- Bladder and rectum
Correct answer: Stomach, liver, and spleen
The celiac trunk branches into the left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic arteries, supplying the stomach, liver, and spleen.
Question 3: Which nerve is at risk during a total hip arthroplasty due to its proximity to the posterior hip capsule?
- Femoral nerve
- Obturator nerve
- Sciatic nerve (Correct answer)
- Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
Correct answer: Sciatic nerve
The sciatic nerve passes posterior to the hip joint and is the most commonly injured nerve during posterior approach total hip arthroplasty.
Question 4: The mitral valve separates which two cardiac chambers?
- Right atrium and right ventricle
- Left atrium and left ventricle (Correct answer)
- Right ventricle and pulmonary artery
- Left ventricle and aorta
Correct answer: Left atrium and left ventricle
The mitral (bicuspid) valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle, preventing backflow during ventricular systole.
Question 5: Which structure passes through the carpal tunnel alongside the flexor tendons?
- Ulnar nerve
- Radial nerve
- Median nerve (Correct answer)
- Radial artery
Correct answer: Median nerve
The median nerve passes through the carpal tunnel with the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus tendons and flexor pollicis longus tendon.
Question 6: The ureters enter the bladder at an oblique angle to create a valve-like effect that prevents:
- Urinary retention
- Vesicoureteral reflux (Correct answer)
- Urinary incontinence
- Renal calculi formation
Correct answer: Vesicoureteral reflux
The oblique insertion of the ureters through the bladder wall creates a flap valve mechanism that prevents vesicoureteral reflux during micturition.
Question 7: Which cranial nerve provides motor innervation to the muscles of mastication?
- Cranial nerve VII (Facial)
- Cranial nerve V (Trigeminal) (Correct answer)
- Cranial nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal)
- Cranial nerve XII (Hypoglossal)
Correct answer: Cranial nerve V (Trigeminal)
The mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3) provides motor innervation to the masseter, temporalis, and pterygoid muscles.
Certified Surgical Technologist Anatomy and Physiology 2
Which layer of the abdominal wall is incised last before entering the peritoneal cavity?