Disability Classification & Conditions Flashcards

According to IDEA 2004, how many disability categories are recognized for special education eligibility?

Answer: 13

IDEA 2004 identifies 13 disability categories that make students eligible for special education and related services, including autism, TBI, and orthopedic impairment.

Which classification system rates gross motor function in individuals with cerebral palsy on a scale of Level I to Level V?

Answer: Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS)

The GMFCS classifies gross motor function in CP from Level I (walks without limitations) to Level V (transported in a manual wheelchair), guiding program planning in adapted PE.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) follows which inheritance pattern, explaining why it almost exclusively affects males?

Answer: X-linked recessive

DMD is caused by a mutation in the dystrophin gene on the X chromosome; males have only one X and lack a second copy to compensate, making them far more likely to be affected.

A student with spastic diplegia cerebral palsy would MOST typically demonstrate which pattern of involvement?

Answer: Primarily lower extremity involvement with relative sparing of the arms

Diplegia refers to bilateral involvement where the lower extremities are significantly more affected than the upper extremities, often allowing some hand function.

According to AAIDD, intellectual disability is defined by significant limitations in intellectual functioning AND which other domain?

Answer: Adaptive behavior

The AAIDD definition requires significant limitations in both intellectual functioning (IQ ≤70-75) and adaptive behavior (conceptual, social, and practical skills), originating before age 22.

Down syndrome is most commonly caused by which chromosomal abnormality?

Answer: Trisomy of chromosome 21

Trisomy 21 — an extra copy of chromosome 21 — accounts for approximately 95% of Down syndrome cases and is associated with characteristic physical features and intellectual disability.

Which type of muscle tone abnormality is MOST prevalent in individuals with cerebral palsy, accounting for roughly 80% of all cases?

Answer: Spasticity (increased, velocity-dependent muscle tone)

Spastic CP is the most common type, characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive muscle stretch caused by damage to the upper motor neuron pathways.