CDS Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which anatomical term describes the position of the elbow relative to the wrist when the arm is in anatomical position?
- Distal
- Lateral
- Proximal (Correct answer)
- Inferior
Correct answer: Proximal
The elbow is proximal to the wrist, meaning it is closer to the point of attachment (shoulder) along the limb.
Question 2: A disability specialist notes that a client has difficulty with dorsiflexion. Which body region and function are impaired?
- Wrist, bending palm toward the forearm
- Ankle, lifting the top of the foot upward (Correct answer)
- Neck, tilting the chin downward
- Spine, arching backward
Correct answer: Ankle, lifting the top of the foot upward
Dorsiflexion refers specifically to the ankle movement that brings the dorsal surface of the foot upward toward the shin.
Question 3: The lymphatic system plays a role in disability management primarily because it:
- Generates motor nerve impulses
- Returns excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream and supports immunity (Correct answer)
- Produces synovial fluid for joints
- Regulates skeletal muscle contraction
Correct answer: Returns excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream and supports immunity
The lymphatic system collects interstitial fluid and returns it to circulation, and dysfunction can cause lymphedema, a common complication in disability populations.
Question 4: In assessing a client's range of motion, the disability specialist measures pronation. Which joint and movement is being evaluated?
- Knee, rotating inward
- Hip, adducting the leg
- Forearm, rotating palm downward (Correct answer)
- Shoulder, raising the arm forward
Correct answer: Forearm, rotating palm downward
Pronation is the rotation of the forearm that turns the palm to face downward or posteriorly from anatomical position.
Question 5: Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is primarily responsible for processing visual information, which is relevant to clients with acquired brain injuries?
- Frontal lobe
- Parietal lobe
- Temporal lobe
- Occipital lobe (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Occipital lobe
The occipital lobe, located at the posterior of the brain, is the primary visual processing center and damage causes visual deficits.
Question 6: Osteoporosis, common in individuals with mobility impairments, is characterized by which physiological change?
- Increased synovial fluid production
- Decreased bone mineral density leading to fragile bones (Correct answer)
- Inflammation of joint cartilage
- Excessive bone callus formation
Correct answer: Decreased bone mineral density leading to fragile bones
Osteoporosis results from decreased bone mineral density due to imbalance between bone resorption and formation, increasing fracture risk.
Question 7: A client experiences spasticity following a stroke. This condition involves:
- Complete loss of muscle tone in the affected limbs
- Velocity-dependent increase in muscle tone due to upper motor neuron damage (Correct answer)
- Painful cramping caused by electrolyte imbalance
- Tremors at rest due to basal ganglia dysfunction
Correct answer: Velocity-dependent increase in muscle tone due to upper motor neuron damage
Spasticity is a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes caused by upper motor neuron lesions, such as those from stroke or spinal cord injury.
CDS Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals 3
Which anatomical term describes the position of the elbow relative to the wrist when the arm is in anatomical position?