Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals Flashcards

Which anatomical term describes the position of the elbow relative to the wrist when the arm is in anatomical position?

Answer: Proximal

The elbow is proximal to the wrist, meaning it is closer to the point of attachment (shoulder) along the limb.

A disability specialist notes that a client has difficulty with dorsiflexion. Which body region and function are impaired?

Answer: Ankle, lifting the top of the foot upward

Dorsiflexion refers specifically to the ankle movement that brings the dorsal surface of the foot upward toward the shin.

The lymphatic system plays a role in disability management primarily because it:

Answer: Returns excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream and supports immunity

The lymphatic system collects interstitial fluid and returns it to circulation, and dysfunction can cause lymphedema, a common complication in disability populations.

In assessing a client's range of motion, the disability specialist measures pronation. Which joint and movement is being evaluated?

Answer: Forearm, rotating palm downward

Pronation is the rotation of the forearm that turns the palm to face downward or posteriorly from anatomical position.

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is primarily responsible for processing visual information, which is relevant to clients with acquired brain injuries?

Answer: Occipital lobe

The occipital lobe, located at the posterior of the brain, is the primary visual processing center and damage causes visual deficits.

Osteoporosis, common in individuals with mobility impairments, is characterized by which physiological change?

Answer: Decreased bone mineral density leading to fragile bones

Osteoporosis results from decreased bone mineral density due to imbalance between bone resorption and formation, increasing fracture risk.

A client experiences spasticity following a stroke. This condition involves:

Answer: Velocity-dependent increase in muscle tone due to upper motor neuron damage

Spasticity is a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes caused by upper motor neuron lesions, such as those from stroke or spinal cord injury.