CDCES Pharmacology Fundamentals 2

Question 1

A patient with type 2 diabetes is started on a SGLT-2 inhibitor. Which serious adverse effect requires patient education?

Accepted Answer

Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer

SGLT-2 inhibitors can cause euglycemic DKA, where ketoacidosis occurs even with near-normal blood glucose levels.

Question 2

Which insulin has the longest duration of action and is used for basal coverage?

Accepted Answer

Insulin glargine U-300

Answer

Insulin glargine U-300 has a duration of action exceeding 36 hours, making it one of the longest-acting basal insulins available.

Question 3

A GLP-1 receptor agonist is prescribed for a patient with type 2 diabetes. What is an important contraindication to consider?

Accepted Answer

Personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma

Answer

GLP-1 receptor agonists are contraindicated in patients with personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma due to potential thyroid C-cell stimulation.

Question 4

Which oral antidiabetic agent works by inhibiting the enzyme DPP-4, thereby increasing incretin levels?

Accepted Answer

Sitagliptin

Answer

Sitagliptin is a DPP-4 inhibitor that prevents the breakdown of incretins (GLP-1 and GIP), enhancing glucose-dependent insulin secretion.

Question 5

A patient on metformin develops lactic acidosis risk when scheduled for a procedure requiring which type of contrast?

Accepted Answer

Iodinated intravenous contrast

Answer

Iodinated IV contrast can cause acute kidney injury, reducing metformin clearance and increasing lactic acidosis risk; metformin should be held before and after the procedure.

(CDCES) Certified Diabetes Care and Education Specialist Practice Test

(CDCES) Certified Diabetes Care and Education Specialist Practice Test

CDCES Pharmacology Fundamentals 2