The Child Development Associate credential is issued by the Council for Professional Recognition and is one of the most recognized early childhood education credentials in the United States. The CDA exam is 65 multiple-choice questions covering all six Competency Standards — and your ability to apply child development theory to realistic classroom and caregiving scenarios is what the test measures.

This free PDF gives you CDA practice questions you can work through away from a screen: annotate in the margins, re-read passages, flag questions for review. Download it, print it, and use the answer key to score yourself before your credentialing exam date.

Pair the PDF with the online CDA practice tests on this site when you're ready to simulate the computer-based testing environment and work on pacing.

The six Competency Standards are further divided into 13 Functional Areas. The CDA exam tests your knowledge across all 13. Here's how they map:

Standard I: Safe (1), Healthy (2), Learning Environment (3)

Standard II: Physical (4), Cognitive (5), Communication (6), Creative (7)

Standard III: Self (8), Social (9)

Standard IV: Guidance (10), Families (11)

Standard V: Program Management (12)

Standard VI: Professionalism (13)

The exam doesn't label which functional area each question tests — you have to recognize it from context. The most commonly tested areas on the 65-question exam are Learning Environment, Guidance, Physical development, and Families. The least commonly tested are Program Management and Creative — but they still appear, so don't skip them in your review.

The Competency Standards framework is detailed in the CDA Competency Standards book, the official study resource published by the Council. If you don't have a copy, the Council's website has a digital version available to registered candidates.

The CDA credential comes in three setting-specific versions. When you apply, you choose one — and the exam questions are weighted toward scenarios from that setting. You need to know your setting's specific requirements cold.

Preschool (Center-Based): Children ages 3–5 in a group care setting. Questions focus on literacy readiness, pre-academic skills, structured activity planning, and managing larger groups. You'll see scenarios about circle time, dramatic play, outdoor learning environments, and preparing children for kindergarten transitions.

Infant-Toddler (Center-Based): Children from birth to 36 months. This setting has the most questions about developmental milestones, feeding schedules, diapering procedures, attachment theory, and communication with non-verbal or early-verbal children. Ratios are lower, individual attention is higher, and the exam reflects that.

Family Child Care: Mixed-age groups in a home setting. Questions here address the unique challenges of simultaneously caring for infants through school-age children, managing a home-based business, and working without assistants. Home safety — electrical outlets, cleaning products storage, safe sleep space — gets more coverage in this setting track.

If you're taking the Preschool or Infant-Toddler track, the required professional education hours (120 hours minimum) must include content specific to that age group. Family Child Care candidates need content specifically addressing mixed-age care. The Council verifies this before credentialing.

The Professional Portfolio is the part of the CDA credentialing process that most candidates underestimate. It's not a scrapbook — it's a structured document with specific required components, and the Council reviews it as part of your credential verification.

The Family Questionnaire section requires you to collect at least 10 completed questionnaires from families in your program. These questionnaires are provided by the Council. Families rate your professionalism, communication, and the quality of care you provide. You don't need perfect scores — the Council is looking for evidence that you've engaged families and maintained professional relationships, not that you're universally beloved.

The Resource Collection is 17 specific items organized by Competency Standard. Each item documents something about your learning environment, your health and safety practices, your community resources, or your professional development. Every item must be present — missing items delay credentialing, sometimes significantly.

The Reflective Competency Statements are the most intellectually demanding part of the portfolio. You write a statement for each of the six Competency Standards explaining how your work demonstrates that standard. These are not job descriptions. They are reflective analyses connecting your practice to child development theory and the functional areas under each standard.

Give yourself at least three months to complete the portfolio before your target exam date. Candidates who rush the portfolio often have materials rejected and must delay their verification appointment.