CCRN REVIEW Practice Test 1

Question 1

Which of the following is an isotonic solution that can be given to a hypovolemic patient to replace fluid volume without
 causing significant fluid shifts across cell membranes or vessels?

Accepted Answer

(0.9%) Normal Saline

Answer

Isotonic solutions have an osmolality similar to that of blood plasma, which prevents significant fluid shifts across cell membranes. 0.9% Normal Saline (NS) is an isotonic solution commonly used to expand intravascular volume in hypovolemic patients because it remains primarily within the extracellular space, effectively replacing fluid without causing cells to swell or shrink. D5W becomes hypotonic in the body, and D5 0.5 NS is hypotonic.

Question 2

A typical bacterial pathogens  associated with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) include:

Accepted Answer

Chlamydia pneumoniae

Answer

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) can be caused by a variety of bacterial pathogens. While Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Haemophilus influenzae are common 'typical' bacterial causes, Chlamydia pneumoniae is a well-recognized 'atypical' bacterial pathogen frequently implicated in CAP. Atypical pathogens often present with different clinical features and require specific antibiotic coverage.

Question 3

The two guideline biochemical operators that are discharged from the endothelium of blood vessels and work to diminish 
blood flow to destinations of harm and preserve blood volume are:

Accepted Answer

Thromboxane A2 and endothelin

Answer

Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) is a potent vasoconstrictor and platelet aggregator released by activated platelets, contributing to clot formation and local vasoconstriction. Endothelin is a powerful vasoconstrictor released by endothelial cells in response to injury. Both substances work synergistically to diminish blood flow to sites of harm, thereby helping to preserve blood volume and promote hemostasis.

Question 4

A patient in the intensive care unit has symptoms of delirium. Drug treatment for delirium often includes:
I. Antipsychotics
II. Benzodiazepines
III. Antidepressants

Accepted Answer

I and II

Answer

Pharmacological treatment for delirium often involves antipsychotics (e.g., haloperidol) to manage agitation, hallucinations, or delusions, especially in hyperactive delirium. Benzodiazepines are typically reserved for delirium caused by alcohol or benzodiazepine withdrawal, or when antipsychotics are contraindicated, but they can be used cautiously for severe agitation. Antidepressants are not a primary treatment for acute delirium.

Question 5

Regarding the Synergy Model for Patient care, which of the following refers to the nurse's ability to use her knowledge
 and a set of skills for understanding how one decision can affect the system as a whole?

Accepted Answer

Systems thinking

Answer

In the Synergy Model for Patient Care, 'systems thinking' describes the nurse's ability to comprehend how individual actions and decisions impact the broader healthcare system and patient outcomes. This competency involves recognizing interconnectedness, anticipating consequences, and making choices that optimize care across various components of the system. It goes beyond individual clinical tasks to encompass a holistic view of care delivery.

CCRN Review Practice Test

CCRN Review Practice Test

CCRN REVIEW Practice Test 1