CCI Vascular Hemodynamics Principles 2

Question 1

Which hemodynamic principle explains why blood velocity increases when a vessel narrows?

Accepted Answer

Continuity of flow equation

Answer

The continuity equation states that flow volume is conserved, so velocity must increase when cross-sectional area decreases.

Question 2

In a stenotic vessel, the pressure gradient across the lesion is primarily determined by:

Accepted Answer

Flow velocity and lesion geometry

Answer

The pressure gradient across a stenosis depends on flow velocity squared and the geometric characteristics of the narrowing.

Question 3

The ankle-brachial index (ABI) in a normal individual should be approximately:

Accepted Answer

0.9–1.3

Answer

A normal ABI ranges from 0.9 to 1.3; values below 0.9 suggest peripheral arterial disease.

Question 4

Which waveform characteristic indicates high distal vascular resistance in a peripheral artery?

Accepted Answer

Triphasic waveform with prominent reverse component

Answer

A triphasic waveform with a prominent reverse-flow component in early diastole is the hallmark of high distal resistance.

Question 5

What does a markedly elevated pulsatility index (PI) in a renal artery most likely indicate?

Accepted Answer

Elevated renal vascular resistance

Answer

An elevated PI in the renal artery reflects increased downstream vascular resistance, often seen in chronic renal disease.

CCI - Cardiovascular Credentialing International Practice Test