CCA Foundations of Career Development Theories 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: In Holland's hexagonal (RIASEC) model, which personality type is positioned directly opposite the Artistic (A) type?
- Realistic
- Social
- Conventional (Correct answer)
- Enterprising
Correct answer: Conventional
On Holland's hexagon, Conventional (C) is placed directly opposite Artistic (A), indicating the greatest psychological distance between these types.
Question 2: Frank Parsons' Trait-and-Factor Theory requires three foundational steps. Which of the following is NOT one of those steps?
- Clear understanding of oneself
- Knowledge of the requirements and conditions of different occupations
- Exploring unconscious motivations through psychoanalysis (Correct answer)
- True reasoning relating the two sets of facts
Correct answer: Exploring unconscious motivations through psychoanalysis
Parsons' three steps are self-understanding, knowledge of the world of work, and true reasoning to relate the two — psychoanalytic exploration is not part of his model.
Question 3: In Donald Super's Archways of Career Development model, what does the keystone at the apex of the arch represent?
- Career maturity
- Self-concept (Correct answer)
- Life roles
- Work values
Correct answer: Self-concept
The keystone of Super's archway is self-concept, which integrates personal and situational determinants and holds the entire career development structure together.
Question 4: Eli Ginzberg's developmental theory of occupational choice identifies three stages in the correct sequence of:
- Fantasy, Tentative, Realistic (Correct answer)
- Exploration, Establishment, Maintenance
- Growth, Exploration, Decline
- Crystallization, Specification, Implementation
Correct answer: Fantasy, Tentative, Realistic
Ginzberg identified Fantasy (childhood), Tentative (early adolescence), and Realistic (late adolescence/young adulthood) as the three stages of occupational choice development.
Question 5: According to Holland's theory, 'congruence' specifically refers to the match between:
- A person's skills and the technical requirements of a job
- A person's personality type and their work environment type (Correct answer)
- A person's values and the organizational culture
- A person's measured interests and academic aptitude scores
Correct answer: A person's personality type and their work environment type
Congruence in Holland's theory describes the degree of fit between an individual's personality type (e.g., Investigative) and the dominant type of their work environment.
Question 6: Anne Roe's theory of career choice places primary emphasis on the influence of:
- Genetic predispositions and inherited personality traits
- Early childhood experiences and parent-child relationships (Correct answer)
- Social learning through observation and role modeling
- Cognitive processing of career-related information
Correct answer: Early childhood experiences and parent-child relationships
Roe proposed that early parent-child interactions (especially the emotional climate) shape basic psychological needs, which in turn drive occupational choice.
Question 7: Donald Super's concept of 'life space' refers to:
- The geographic region in which one pursues a career
- The constellation of life roles a person plays simultaneously (Correct answer)
- The psychological distance between one's self-concept and reality
- The time span across the entire career lifespan
Correct answer: The constellation of life roles a person plays simultaneously
Life space describes the breadth of roles (e.g., child, student, worker, homemaker, citizen, leisurite) that an individual occupies at any given time.
CCA Foundations of Career Development Theories 2
In Holland's hexagonal (RIASEC) model, which personality type is positioned directly opposite the Artistic (A) type?