Foundations of Career Development Theories Flashcards

The Cultural Context Model of career development (Cook, Heppner & O'Brien) argues that effective career interventions must centrally address:

Answer: Cultural context and systemic influences such as race, gender, and class

Cook, Heppner, and O'Brien challenged mainstream theories for ignoring how cultural context, privilege, and systemic barriers fundamentally shape career development for diverse populations.

Krumboltz's Happenstance Learning Theory identifies five skills needed to capitalize on unplanned events. Which of the following is NOT one of these skills?

Answer: Conformity

Krumboltz's five skills are curiosity, persistence, flexibility, optimism, and risk-taking — conformity is antithetical to the open exploration the theory promotes.

In Holland's theory, a 'differentiated' profile is one in which:

Answer: One or two types clearly dominate with noticeably lower scores on other types

Differentiation describes how sharply defined a person's profile is; a highly differentiated person has a clear peak type, making career counseling more straightforward.

Donald Super described the full lifespan career pattern as a 'maxi-cycle' moving through five stages in the order of:

Answer: Growth, Exploration, Establishment, Maintenance, Disengagement

Super's five maxi-cycle stages are Growth (childhood), Exploration (adolescence), Establishment (young adulthood), Maintenance (middle adulthood), and Disengagement (late career).

Cognitive Information Processing (CIP) theory, developed by Peterson, Sampson, and Reardon, centers career problem-solving on:

Answer: The CASVE cycle of communication, analysis, synthesis, valuing, and execution

CIP theory uses the CASVE cycle as its core decision-making model and places the Pyramid of Information Processing at the heart of career problem-solving and decision-making.

Brown's Values-Based Theory of Career Choice and Satisfaction proposes that career satisfaction depends primarily on:

Answer: Alignment between work activities and the individual's prioritized values

Brown's theory argues that crystallized, prioritized values are the most powerful predictors of career satisfaction when the work role allows those values to be expressed.

Which of the following best characterizes a constructivist approach to career counseling?

Answer: Helping clients surface subjective meaning and recurring themes in their own career narratives

Constructivist career counseling holds that meaning is personally constructed, so the counselor's role is to help clients discover the themes and stories that give their career a coherent identity.