Foundations of Career Development Theories Flashcards

John Krumboltz's Planned Happenstance Theory argues that unplanned events should be:

Answer: Recognized and leveraged as career opportunities through curiosity and flexibility

Planned Happenstance reframes chance occurrences as opportunities, encouraging clients to develop curiosity, persistence, flexibility, optimism, and risk-taking to capitalize on them.

In Lent, Brown, and Hackett's Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT), career interests develop primarily through the interaction of:

Answer: Self-efficacy beliefs and outcome expectations together

SCCT posits that people develop interests in activities when they believe they can perform them (self-efficacy) and expect positive outcomes from doing so.

In Gottfredson's Theory of Circumscription and Compromise, 'circumscription' is defined as:

Answer: Narrowing occupational aspirations based on developing self-concept

Circumscription is the progressive elimination of unacceptable occupational alternatives as children develop awareness of sex roles, social class, and their unique self.

Albert Bandura identified four sources of self-efficacy information. Which of the following is NOT one of those four sources?

Answer: Cognitive restructuring techniques

Bandura's four sources are mastery experiences, vicarious learning, verbal persuasion, and physiological/emotional states — cognitive restructuring is a therapeutic technique, not a source.

According to Gottfredson, during which developmental stage do children first begin eliminating occupations inconsistent with their perceived social class?

Answer: Orientation to social valuation (ages 9–13)

During the Orientation to Social Valuation stage (ages 9–13), children become aware of social class hierarchies and begin eliminating occupations seen as too low or unattainably high in prestige.

In SCCT, 'contextual supports and barriers' most directly affect which part of the career development process?

Answer: The translation of career interests into goals and goals into actions

SCCT recognizes that even strong interests and goals can be blocked by contextual barriers (e.g., discrimination, lack of resources) or facilitated by contextual supports when moving toward action.

Krumboltz's Social Learning Theory of Career Choice identifies two primary types of learning experiences as:

Answer: Instrumental and associative learning

Instrumental learning involves direct experiences with positive or negative consequences, while associative learning involves pairing neutral events with positive or negative stimuli.