CAPE Disability Classification & Conditions 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: According to IDEA 2004, how many disability categories are recognized for special education eligibility?
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13 (Correct answer)
Correct answer: 13
IDEA 2004 identifies 13 disability categories that make students eligible for special education and related services, including autism, TBI, and orthopedic impairment.
Question 2: Which classification system rates gross motor function in individuals with cerebral palsy on a scale of Level I to Level V?
- ASIA Impairment Scale
- Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) (Correct answer)
- Functional Independence Measure (FIM)
- Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)
Correct answer: Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS)
The GMFCS classifies gross motor function in CP from Level I (walks without limitations) to Level V (transported in a manual wheelchair), guiding program planning in adapted PE.
Question 3: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) follows which inheritance pattern, explaining why it almost exclusively affects males?
- Autosomal dominant
- Autosomal recessive
- X-linked recessive (Correct answer)
- X-linked dominant
Correct answer: X-linked recessive
DMD is caused by a mutation in the dystrophin gene on the X chromosome; males have only one X and lack a second copy to compensate, making them far more likely to be affected.
Question 4: A student with spastic diplegia cerebral palsy would MOST typically demonstrate which pattern of involvement?
- Primarily upper extremity involvement with relative sparing of the legs
- Primarily lower extremity involvement with relative sparing of the arms (Correct answer)
- Involvement limited to one side of the body only
- Equal involvement of all four extremities
Correct answer: Primarily lower extremity involvement with relative sparing of the arms
Diplegia refers to bilateral involvement where the lower extremities are significantly more affected than the upper extremities, often allowing some hand function.
Question 5: According to AAIDD, intellectual disability is defined by significant limitations in intellectual functioning AND which other domain?
- Language development delay
- Adaptive behavior (Correct answer)
- Low academic achievement only
- Social communication differences
Correct answer: Adaptive behavior
The AAIDD definition requires significant limitations in both intellectual functioning (IQ ≤70-75) and adaptive behavior (conceptual, social, and practical skills), originating before age 22.
Question 6: Down syndrome is most commonly caused by which chromosomal abnormality?
- Deletion of chromosome 15q11-q13
- Monosomy of the X chromosome
- Trisomy of chromosome 21 (Correct answer)
- Duplication of chromosome 7q11.23
Correct answer: Trisomy of chromosome 21
Trisomy 21 — an extra copy of chromosome 21 — accounts for approximately 95% of Down syndrome cases and is associated with characteristic physical features and intellectual disability.
Question 7: Which type of muscle tone abnormality is MOST prevalent in individuals with cerebral palsy, accounting for roughly 80% of all cases?
- Spasticity (increased, velocity-dependent muscle tone) (Correct answer)
- Hypotonia (decreased muscle tone)
- Athetosis (involuntary writhing movements)
- Ataxia (impaired balance and coordination)
Correct answer: Spasticity (increased, velocity-dependent muscle tone)
Spastic CP is the most common type, characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive muscle stretch caused by damage to the upper motor neuron pathways.
CAPE Disability Classification & Conditions 1
According to IDEA 2004, how many disability categories are recognized for special education eligibility?