CABT Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals 5 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which type of muscle tissue is involuntary, striated, and found only in the heart?
- Smooth muscle
- Skeletal muscle
- Cardiac muscle (Correct answer)
- Visceral muscle
Correct answer: Cardiac muscle
Cardiac muscle is uniquely involuntary and striated, with intercalated discs that allow electrical coupling between cells for coordinated contraction.
Question 2: What is the anatomical term for the small bone at the tip of the sternum that serves as an attachment for the diaphragm?
- Manubrium
- Body of sternum
- Xiphoid process (Correct answer)
- Costal cartilage
Correct answer: Xiphoid process
The xiphoid process is the inferior-most part of the sternum and serves as an attachment point for the diaphragm and some abdominal muscles.
Question 3: Which fluid compartment contains approximately two-thirds of total body water in an adult?
- Intravascular fluid
- Interstitial fluid
- Intracellular fluid (Correct answer)
- Transcellular fluid
Correct answer: Intracellular fluid
Intracellular fluid (ICF) accounts for about 67% of total body water (~28 L in a 70 kg adult), found within all body cells.
Question 4: During a surgical procedure requiring laparotomy, the surgeon identifies the retroperitoneal organs. Which of the following is a retroperitoneal organ?
- Stomach
- Transverse colon
- Spleen
- Kidneys (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Kidneys
The kidneys are retroperitoneal, lying behind the peritoneum against the posterior abdominal wall, unlike most abdominal organs covered by peritoneum.
Question 5: Which reflex arc component converts a stimulus into an electrical nerve impulse?
- Effector
- Motor neuron
- Receptor (Correct answer)
- Interneuron
Correct answer: Receptor
Receptors are specialized sensory structures that detect stimuli and transduce them into electrical signals (action potentials) that travel along afferent neurons.
Question 6: Which anatomical structure separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and is the primary muscle of respiration?
- Internal intercostal muscles
- Diaphragm (Correct answer)
- External oblique muscle
- Transversus abdominis
Correct answer: Diaphragm
The diaphragm is a dome-shaped musculotendinous partition between the thorax and abdomen; its contraction increases thoracic volume to drive inspiration.
Question 7: A biomedical technician calibrates a glucometer. Which organ is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose through glycogen storage and release?
- Pancreas
- Liver (Correct answer)
- Adrenal gland
- Skeletal muscle
Correct answer: Liver
The liver stores glucose as glycogen (glycogenesis) and releases glucose via glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis to maintain blood glucose homeostasis.
CABT Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals 5
Which type of muscle tissue is involuntary, striated, and found only in the heart?