A patient on buprenorphine/naloxone reports that crushing and injecting the film precipitates immediate withdrawal. This is because naloxone in the sublingual formulation is:
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A
Absorbed sublingually at equal rates to buprenorphine
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B
Poorly bioavailable orally but active when injected intravenously
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C
Metabolized by the liver before reaching systemic circulation
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D
Converted to an active metabolite only in the gut