BS Bachelor of Science: Science of Nutrition 4

Question 1

In the context of sports nutrition, the 'protein synthesis window' refers to which post-exercise period during which muscle protein synthesis is maximally elevated?

Accepted Answer

1-2 hours

Answer

Muscle protein synthesis is most responsive to protein ingestion during the 1-2 hour post-exercise window, though elevated sensitivity persists for up to 24 hours.

Question 2

Which condition results from chronic excessive alcohol consumption that impairs the liver's ability to export triglycerides, leading to fat accumulation?

Accepted Answer

Hepatic steatosis (alcoholic fatty liver)

Answer

Alcoholic fatty liver occurs when ethanol metabolism generates excess NADH, impairing fatty acid oxidation and promoting triglyceride synthesis that accumulates in hepatocytes.

Question 3

Which hormone produced by adipose tissue signals satiety to the hypothalamus and is often deficient or resistance-inducing in obese individuals?

Accepted Answer

Leptin

Answer

Leptin is an adipokine that signals energy sufficiency to hypothalamic receptors, suppressing appetite; leptin resistance in obesity impairs this feedback mechanism.

Question 4

The DASH diet was originally designed to manage which health condition through dietary modification?

Accepted Answer

Hypertension

Answer

The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet emphasizes fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy, and reduced sodium to lower blood pressure.

Question 5

Folate deficiency during early pregnancy is most strongly associated with which fetal developmental abnormality?

Accepted Answer

Neural tube defects

Answer

Adequate folate in the periconceptional period is critical for neural tube closure; deficiency is associated with spina bifida and anencephaly.

BS - Bachelor of Science Practice Test

BS - Bachelor of Science Practice Test

BS Bachelor of Science: Science of Nutrition 4