BS Bachelor of Science: Science of Nutrition 4 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: In the context of sports nutrition, the 'protein synthesis window' refers to which post-exercise period during which muscle protein synthesis is maximally elevated?
- 0-30 minutes
- 1-2 hours (Correct answer)
- 4-6 hours
- 12-24 hours
Correct answer: 1-2 hours
Muscle protein synthesis is most responsive to protein ingestion during the 1-2 hour post-exercise window, though elevated sensitivity persists for up to 24 hours.
Question 2: Which condition results from chronic excessive alcohol consumption that impairs the liver's ability to export triglycerides, leading to fat accumulation?
- Hepatic steatosis (alcoholic fatty liver) (Correct answer)
- Cirrhosis
- Cholestasis
- Hepatitis B
Correct answer: Hepatic steatosis (alcoholic fatty liver)
Alcoholic fatty liver occurs when ethanol metabolism generates excess NADH, impairing fatty acid oxidation and promoting triglyceride synthesis that accumulates in hepatocytes.
Question 3: Which hormone produced by adipose tissue signals satiety to the hypothalamus and is often deficient or resistance-inducing in obese individuals?
- Ghrelin
- Leptin (Correct answer)
- Adiponectin
- Resistin
Correct answer: Leptin
Leptin is an adipokine that signals energy sufficiency to hypothalamic receptors, suppressing appetite; leptin resistance in obesity impairs this feedback mechanism.
Question 4: The DASH diet was originally designed to manage which health condition through dietary modification?
- Type 2 diabetes
- Hypertension (Correct answer)
- Hyperlipidemia
- Celiac disease
Correct answer: Hypertension
The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet emphasizes fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy, and reduced sodium to lower blood pressure.
Question 5: Folate deficiency during early pregnancy is most strongly associated with which fetal developmental abnormality?
- Cardiac septal defects
- Neural tube defects (Correct answer)
- Cleft palate
- Down syndrome
Correct answer: Neural tube defects
Adequate folate in the periconceptional period is critical for neural tube closure; deficiency is associated with spina bifida and anencephaly.
Question 6: Which type of dietary fiber selectively stimulates growth of beneficial gut bacteria and is classified as a prebiotic?
- Cellulose
- Lignin
- Inulin and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) (Correct answer)
- Chitin
Correct answer: Inulin and fructooligosaccharides (FOS)
Inulin and FOS are fermented by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species in the colon, selectively promoting beneficial microbiota and meeting the definition of prebiotics.
Question 7: The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for protein for a healthy adult is approximately how many grams per kilogram of body weight per day?
- 0.4 g/kg/day
- 0.8 g/kg/day (Correct answer)
- 1.2 g/kg/day
- 1.6 g/kg/day
Correct answer: 0.8 g/kg/day
The RDA for protein is 0.8 g/kg/day for healthy sedentary adults, representing the minimum needed to maintain nitrogen balance.
BS Bachelor of Science: Science of Nutrition 4
In the context of sports nutrition, the 'protein synthesis window' refers to which post-exercise period during which muscle protein synthesis is maximally elevated?