BS Cell Biology and Genetics 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is the function of the mitochondria in a cell?
- To produce ATP through cellular respiration (Correct answer)
- To synthesize proteins
- To store genetic information
- To transport materials within the cell
Correct answer: To produce ATP through cellular respiration
Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, generating ATP through the process of cellular respiration.
Question 2: Which molecule carries genetic information in most living organisms?
- DNA (Correct answer)
- RNA
- ATP
- Protein
Correct answer: DNA
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the double-stranded molecule that stores the genetic blueprint of most living organisms.
Question 3: What is the process by which DNA is copied before cell division?
- DNA replication (Correct answer)
- Transcription
- Translation
- Meiosis
Correct answer: DNA replication
DNA replication is the process by which a cell copies its DNA so that each daughter cell receives a complete genome.
Question 4: What are the building blocks of proteins?
- Amino acids (Correct answer)
- Nucleotides
- Fatty acids
- Monosaccharides
Correct answer: Amino acids
Proteins are polymers made up of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.
Question 5: Which type of cell division produces gametes (sex cells)?
- Meiosis (Correct answer)
- Mitosis
- Binary fission
- Budding
Correct answer: Meiosis
Meiosis is the specialized cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, producing gametes for sexual reproduction.
Question 6: What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?
- Protein synthesis (Correct answer)
- Energy production
- DNA storage
- Lipid digestion
Correct answer: Protein synthesis
Ribosomes are the cellular machinery responsible for translating mRNA into functional proteins.
BS Cell Biology and Genetics 1
What is the function of the mitochondria in a cell?