BS Bachelor of Science: Science of Nutrition 3

Question 1

During prolonged fasting, the brain adapts to use which alternative fuel source produced by the liver?

Accepted Answer

Ketone bodies

Answer

After glucose stores are depleted, the liver produces ketone bodies (acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate) from fatty acid oxidation, which the brain can use as fuel.

Question 2

The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) framework includes which value defined as the average daily intake sufficient to meet the needs of 50% of healthy individuals?

Accepted Answer

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

Answer

The EAR is the intake level estimated to meet the requirement of 50% of healthy individuals in a particular life stage and sex group.

Question 3

Pellagra is a nutritional deficiency disease caused by inadequate intake of which vitamin?

Accepted Answer

Niacin (B3)

Answer

Pellagra presents with the '4 Ds'—dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death—and results from niacin (B3) and/or tryptophan deficiency.

Question 4

Which measure is used to assess the quality of dietary protein by comparing its essential amino acid content to a reference protein pattern?

Accepted Answer

Protein Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS)

Answer

PDCAAS evaluates protein quality by comparing the amino acid profile of a food protein to human requirements and correcting for digestibility, and was the FAO/WHO standard until DIAAS replaced it.

Question 5

Vitamin K2 (menaquinone) plays an essential role in which physiological process beyond blood coagulation?

Accepted Answer

Calcium deposition in bone via carboxylation of osteocalcin

Answer

Vitamin K2 activates osteocalcin through gamma-carboxylation, enabling it to bind calcium and incorporate it into bone mineral matrix.

BS - Bachelor of Science Practice Test

BS - Bachelor of Science Practice Test

BS Bachelor of Science: Science of Nutrition 3