BMST Cellular Processes and Organelles 4

Question 1

Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation via the electron transport chain produces approximately 32-34 ATP molecules per glucose.

Question 2

What is the role of ribosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins from mRNA

Answer

Ribosomes translate messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains (proteins) through the process of translation.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

Carbon fixation reactions that produce glucose using ATP and NADPH

Answer

The Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions) uses ATP and NADPH from the light reactions to fix CO₂ into glucose.

Question 4

A cell with a large central vacuole filled with water is most likely from which type of organism?

Accepted Answer

Plant

Answer

Mature plant cells have a large central vacuole that maintains turgor pressure and stores water, nutrients, and waste products.

Question 5

What is the end product of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate

Answer

Glycolysis breaks one glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules, yielding a net gain of 2 ATP.

BMST - Basic Math and Science Test Practice Test