BMST Cellular Processes and Organelles 4 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?
- Glycolysis
- Pyruvate oxidation
- Krebs cycle
- Oxidative phosphorylation (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation via the electron transport chain produces approximately 32-34 ATP molecules per glucose.
Question 2: What is the role of ribosomes in the cell?
- Storing genetic material
- Synthesizing proteins from mRNA (Correct answer)
- Producing lipids
- Breaking down waste products
Correct answer: Synthesizing proteins from mRNA
Ribosomes translate messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains (proteins) through the process of translation.
Question 3: Which of the following best describes the Calvin cycle?
- Light-dependent reactions that split water molecules
- Carbon fixation reactions that produce glucose using ATP and NADPH (Correct answer)
- Breakdown of glucose to produce pyruvate
- Electron transport along the thylakoid membrane
Correct answer: Carbon fixation reactions that produce glucose using ATP and NADPH
The Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions) uses ATP and NADPH from the light reactions to fix CO₂ into glucose.
Question 4: A cell with a large central vacuole filled with water is most likely from which type of organism?
- Animal
- Bacterium
- Fungus
- Plant (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Plant
Mature plant cells have a large central vacuole that maintains turgor pressure and stores water, nutrients, and waste products.
Question 5: What is the end product of glycolysis?
- Acetyl-CoA
- Glucose
- Pyruvate (Correct answer)
- Carbon dioxide
Correct answer: Pyruvate
Glycolysis breaks one glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules, yielding a net gain of 2 ATP.
Question 6: Which organelle contains its own DNA and replicates independently?
- Golgi apparatus
- Lysosome
- Mitochondrion (Correct answer)
- Ribosome
Correct answer: Mitochondrion
Mitochondria contain their own circular DNA and ribosomes, supporting the endosymbiotic theory of their origin.
Question 7: What is the function of the nuclear envelope?
- Generating energy for the nucleus
- Translating mRNA into protein
- Separating the nuclear contents from the cytoplasm and regulating molecular transport (Correct answer)
- Synthesizing lipids for the cell membrane
Correct answer: Separating the nuclear contents from the cytoplasm and regulating molecular transport
The nuclear envelope is a double membrane with nuclear pores that controls the movement of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
BMST Cellular Processes and Organelles 4
Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?