BEE Study Guide 2026

An infinite bus is an idealized source with constant voltage magnitude and frequency, used as a reference in stability studies.

Diffusion of holes into the n-side and electrons into the p-side creates charge separation, establishing the built-in potential.

A D flip-flop samples D on the active clock edge and transfers it directly to Q, so Q becomes 0 regardless of the previous state.

A 4-bit counter counts from 0 to 2^4 − 1 = 15 before rolling over to zero.

At resonance, XL = XC, so they cancel and total impedance equals R alone.

A priority encoder resolves simultaneous active inputs by outputting the binary code corresponding to the highest-priority (usually highest-numbered) active input.