ATI Biology 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which organelle is the primary site of ATP production in eukaryotic cells?
- Mitochondria (Correct answer)
- Ribosome
- Golgi apparatus
- Lysosome
Correct answer: Mitochondria
Mitochondria generate most cellular ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
Question 2: During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles?
- Anaphase (Correct answer)
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Telophase
Correct answer: Anaphase
In anaphase, sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite spindle poles.
Question 3: What molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation?
- tRNA (Correct answer)
- mRNA
- rRNA
- DNA polymerase
Correct answer: tRNA
Transfer RNA delivers specific amino acids matching the mRNA codon.
Question 4: Which of the following best describes a hypertonic solution relative to a cell?
- Higher solute concentration outside, water leaves the cell (Correct answer)
- Equal solute concentration, no net water movement
- Lower solute concentration outside, cell swells
- No solutes present in the solution
Correct answer: Higher solute concentration outside, water leaves the cell
In a hypertonic environment water moves out, causing the cell to shrink.
Question 5: What is the complementary DNA base pairing for the sequence A-T-G-C?
- T-A-C-G (Correct answer)
- A-T-G-C
- G-C-A-T
- C-G-T-A
Correct answer: T-A-C-G
Adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine.
Question 6: Which process converts glucose into pyruvate in the cytoplasm without requiring oxygen?
- Glycolysis (Correct answer)
- Krebs cycle
- Electron transport chain
- Photosynthesis
Correct answer: Glycolysis
Glycolysis breaks glucose into two pyruvate molecules in the cytosol anaerobically.
Question 7: An enzyme's activity is most affected by changes in which two environmental factors?
- Temperature and pH (Correct answer)
- Color and odor
- Light and sound
- Mass and density
Correct answer: Temperature and pH
Enzymes have optimal temperature and pH ranges that affect their shape and function.
ATI Biology 2
Which organelle is the primary site of ATP production in eukaryotic cells?