AMLS Toxicological Emergencies

Question 1

Which toxidrome is characterized by miosis, bradycardia, excessive secretions, and bronchospasm?

Accepted Answer

Cholinergic toxidrome (organophosphate poisoning)

Answer

The cholinergic toxidrome from organophosphate or nerve agent exposure presents with SLUDGE signs: salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, GI distress, emesis.

Question 2

What is the specific antidote for opioid overdose with respiratory depression?

Accepted Answer

Naloxone (Narcan)

Answer

Naloxone competitively antagonizes opioid receptors and rapidly reverses respiratory depression, miosis, and altered consciousness in opioid overdose.

Question 3

A patient presents with fever, tachycardia, hypertension, mydriasis, and dry flushed skin. Which toxidrome is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Anticholinergic toxidrome

Answer

The anticholinergic toxidrome is described as 'hot as a hare, dry as a bone, blind as a bat, red as a beet, mad as a hatter.'

Question 4

Which laboratory finding is the hallmark of acetaminophen (Tylenol) toxicity in the delayed phase (24-72 hours)?

Accepted Answer

Elevated AST/ALT indicating hepatocellular damage

Answer

Acetaminophen overdose causes hepatic necrosis, leading to markedly elevated liver enzymes (AST/ALT) in the delayed phase 24–72 hours post-ingestion.

Question 5

What is the antidote for acetaminophen overdose?

Accepted Answer

N-acetylcysteine (NAC)

Answer

N-acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione stores, preventing toxic NAPQI accumulation and hepatic injury from acetaminophen overdose.

AMLS - Advanced Medical Life Support Practice Test

AMLS - Advanced Medical Life Support Practice Test

AMLS Toxicological Emergencies