AMLS Shock and Hemodynamic Instability

Question 1

Which type of shock is characterized by decreased SVR (systemic vascular resistance) and increased cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

Distributive shock

Answer

Distributive shock (e.g., septic, anaphylactic, neurogenic) causes massive vasodilation, reducing SVR while initially increasing cardiac output.

Question 2

A patient presents with hypotension, JVD, and absent breath sounds on the left. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Tension pneumothorax

Answer

Tension pneumothorax presents with hypotension, JVD, tracheal deviation, and absent breath sounds on the affected side.

Question 3

Which is the most sensitive early indicator of hypovolemic shock in adults?

Accepted Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Tachycardia is the earliest compensatory response to hypovolemia, occurring before hypotension develops.

Question 4

In anaphylactic shock, which is the first-line treatment?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine 0.3 mg IM in the anterolateral thigh

Answer

Epinephrine IM is the cornerstone of anaphylaxis treatment, reversing bronchospasm and vasodilation while blocking mediator release.

Question 5

What hemodynamic profile characterizes neurogenic shock following spinal cord injury?

Accepted Answer

Hypotension with bradycardia and warm skin

Answer

Neurogenic shock causes loss of sympathetic tone leading to hypotension and paradoxical bradycardia with warm, dry, flushed skin.

AMLS - Advanced Medical Life Support Practice Test