Six Sigma Green Belt Flashcards

A manager of an agile team was asked by a project sponsor to compile the lessons learnt. Which of the following statements most accurately describes this circumstance? The manager should collect the lessons learned throughout the project. The manager should collect the lessons learned only at the end of the project The manager should collect the lessons learned only when the project performance is not good The manager should collect the lessons learned only when the project performance is not good

Answer: Lessons learned should be captured throughout the project when the details are fresh and team members can remember the most detail. Also this allows lessons learned early in the project to inform later phases.

Lessons learned should be captured continuously throughout the project so details are recorded while still fresh and team members can recall them accurately. This also lets insights gained early inform later phases, supporting agile's continuous-improvement philosophy. Waiting until the end—or only logging them when performance is poor—loses valuable detail and misses the chance to improve as you go.

On a written process or work instruction, which of the following is frequently described? Procedure: What ,Why; Work instruction: Who, How, When, Where Procedure: What ,Why, Who, How; Work instruction: When, Where Procedure: What, When, Where, Who; Work instruction: How , Why Procedure: What, Why, When, Where; Work instruction: Who, How.

Answer: Procedures are written to describe: > What is done during the process > Why it is done > Where it is done > When it is done > Work instructions explain two other important aspects: > Who does what > How it is done > Who does what" is the main concept of work instruction. > Usually "when and where "are considered in a procedure.

A procedure describes the high-level what, why, when, and where of a process, while a work instruction provides the detailed who and how of carrying it out. The key distinction is that 'who does what' and 'how it is done' belong to work instructions, whereas timing and location are covered at the procedure level.

When rating a service, respondents are given the options of poor, fair, good, very good, or outstanding. What kind of measurement scale does this serve as an example of?

Answer: Ordinal

Ordinal scales are valuable when it is difficult or impractical to establish exact numerical measurements, but you still want to capture respondents' preferences or perceptions in a ranked order. They provide valuable insights into the relative ranking or preference of items without requiring respondents to assign specific numerical values. However, when it comes to performing statistical analyses, ordinal data has limitations, as it lacks equal intervals between categories, and arithmetic operations like addition or subtraction are not meaningful. Therefore, it's crucial to use appropriate statistical methods when working with ordinal data.

Which Six Sigma function is most likely to respond if a specific circumstance in a company calls for the elimination of organizational barriers and making sure the team has the right resources? ‥ Champion ‥ Process Owner ‥ Change agent ‥ Black Belt

Answer: The main responsibilities of a Champion are to remove roadblocks and ensure the team has needs resources. Process owners can make changes only within their processes. Change agent is another designation for the Black Belt does not include authority to remove roadblocks.

The Champion is responsible for removing organizational barriers and securing the resources a team needs, giving them the authority to clear roadblocks across the organization. A Process Owner can only make changes within their own process, and a Change Agent (often the Black Belt) leads improvement work but lacks the authority to remove organizational obstacles.

On machine #7, a total of 4000 closures were produced. Each of the 200 closures had one flaw. 3800 closures in all were crowded. What are the throughput yield and defects per unit (DPU)? ‥ 1.05 DPU and 95% throughput yield ‥ 1 DPU and 99% throughput yield ‥ 0.05 DPU and 95% throughput yield ‥ 0.0526 DPU and 94.7% throughput yield

Answer: DPU is determined by 200/4000 = 0.05 and throughput yield is determined by 1.00 - 0.05 = .95 x 100 = 95% Defects per unit (DPU) is determined by the total number of defects divided by the total number of products produced in some time period. Throughput yield is determined by 1- % of closure defects * 100.

DPU is total defects divided by total units: 200 defects ÷ 4000 units = 0.05 DPU. Throughput yield is 1 − DPU = 0.95, or 95%. The other options miscalculate the ratio or confuse the relationship between defects and yield.

A passport-issuing organization began accepting requests for passport renewals through neighborhood post offices in outlying locations as a way to enhance its services. The post office clerks receive renewal requests, gather required paperwork and payment, and then submit finished forms to the passport authorities for processing. Which of the following best sums up the connection between the passport authority and the post offices? ‥ The post offices are internal customers of the passport authority ‥ The passport authority is a supplier to the post offices ‥ The post offices are external customers for the passport authority ‥ The passport authority is an external customer of the post offices.

Answer: The passport authority is using the post offices services, and hence it is their external customer. The post offices are suppliers to the passport authority and not customers.

The passport authority is an external customer of the post offices because the post offices provide a service—collecting renewal requests, paperwork, and payment—that the passport authority receives and uses. Since the post offices are the ones supplying that service, they are suppliers, not customers, making the passport authority the external customer.

Which of the following is among the various dispersion measures? > Mode, Range, Standard deviation > Range. Mean, Standard deviation > Range, Variance, Standard deviation > Variance, Mode, Standard deviation

Answer: The range is the maximum to minimum measure of dispersion. Variance is the square of standard deviation and a measure of dispersion. Standard deviation is the most important measure for dispersion. Mean is a measure of central tendency and not a measure of dispersion.

Range, variance, and standard deviation are all measures of dispersion because they describe how spread out the data is: range is the max minus the min, and variance is the square of the standard deviation. Mode and mean are measures of central tendency, not dispersion, which is why the other options are incorrect.

Which control chart from the list below is used to track discrete data?

Answer: I & mR

I & mR control charts are a type of control chart used in statistical process control (SPC) to monitor processes over time. They are particularly suitable for monitoring processes where individual data points are collected, rather than continuous data. Attribute data consists of data that can be categorized into discrete categories or counted, such as pass/fail, yes/no, or the number of defects in a sample.

What tool is used to identify potential events and backup plans for an implementation strategy?

Answer: Process decision program chart

Process Decision Program Chart (PDPC) is a tool primarily used in the planning phase of a project or implementation plan. Its purpose is to identify potential events or problems that may occur during the execution of a plan and to develop corresponding contingencies to address those events.

Which of the following shapes represents a flowchart's termination point?

Answer: Oval

In a flowchart, oval shapes are typically used to represent the starting point or the termination point of a process or decision.

What percentage of the population would fall inside the two standard deviations on either side of the mean for a normal distribution?

Answer: 95%

For a normal distribution, approximately 95% of the total population falls within two standard deviations on each side of the mean. This is known as the "Empirical Rule" or the "68-95-99.7 Rule," which is a statistical rule of thumb that applies to data that follows a normal distribution.

A population's statistical data are referred to as

Answer: descriptive statistics

Descriptive statistics are the statistics that summarize and describe the main features of a population or a dataset. They provide a concise and meaningful way to understand the central tendencies, variability, and distribution of the data.

The best definition of statistical process control (SPC) is the application of

Answer: statistical methods to understand and control a process

Statistical Process Control (SPC) is best defined as the use of statistical methods to understand and control a process. SPC is a powerful quality management technique that involves monitoring and analyzing process data to ensure that the process is stable, predictable, and capable of producing products or services that meet specified quality standards.

Which of the following metrics is used to display the defect-to-unit ratio?

Answer: DPU

DPU (Defects Per Unit) is a measure used to show the ratio of defects to units in a process. It is a key performance metric in quality management and process improvement efforts.

When process performance is enhanced, which of the following measures is increased?

Answer: Capability index

The capability index is a statistical measure that assesses the ability of a process to produce products or services within specified limits. It compares the spread of process variation to the allowed tolerance limits.

A six sigma team created the following chart to track reactions on two various items. Temperature in this graph stands for the

Answer: response

Temperature is the response because it is the measured outcome or result of the experiment, not something the team sets. In design of experiments, factors are the inputs that are deliberately changed, levels are the specific settings of those factors, and repetition refers to repeated runs—none of which describe a measured result.