Certified Quality Process Analyst & Improvement Associate Flashcards

When performing a Measurement System Analysis (MSA), 'reproducibility' refers to:

Answer: Variation in measurements taken by different operators using the same gauge

Reproducibility (also called appraiser variation) is the variation in measurements when different operators measure the same part with the same instrument.

Which lean concept focuses on producing only what the next process step needs, exactly when it is needed?

Answer: Just-in-Time (JIT)

Just-in-Time (JIT) is a pull-based production strategy that minimizes inventory by supplying the right item, at the right time, in the right quantity.

A scatter diagram is used primarily to:

Answer: Explore the relationship between two variables

A scatter diagram plots pairs of data points to visually reveal whether a correlation exists between two variables.

In quality management, 'VOC' stands for:

Answer: Voice of the Customer

Voice of the Customer (VOC) is a research process used to capture customer requirements, expectations, preferences, and aversions.

Which of the following BEST describes a Type I error in hypothesis testing?

Answer: Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true

A Type I error (alpha risk) occurs when you reject a true null hypothesis — concluding an effect exists when it does not.

Which of the following is an example of 'internal failure cost' in the Cost of Quality framework?

Answer: Scrap and rework before product leaves the facility

Internal failure costs occur when defects are found before delivery to the customer, including scrap, rework, and downtime.

A poka-yoke device is designed to:

Answer: Prevent errors or make them immediately obvious so they cannot pass undetected

Poka-yoke (mistake-proofing) uses physical or procedural mechanisms to prevent defects from occurring or being passed to the next step.