AGD Oral Pathology and Diagnosis 5

Question 1

A young patient presents with multiple jaw cysts, bifid ribs, calcification of the falx cerebri, and skeletal anomalies. What is the underlying gene mutation?

Accepted Answer

PTCH1 (patched) gene mutation

Answer

Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (Gorlin-Goltz syndrome) is caused by PTCH1 gene mutations in the hedgehog signaling pathway and features multiple odontogenic keratocysts, basal cell carcinomas, and skeletal anomalies.

Question 2

Which of the following features distinguishes fibrous dysplasia from ossifying fibroma radiographically?

Accepted Answer

Fibrous dysplasia blends imperceptibly with normal bone; ossifying fibroma has a well-defined border

Answer

Fibrous dysplasia merges imperceptibly with surrounding normal bone (poorly defined borders), while ossifying fibroma is encapsulated with a well-defined, often corticated border.

Question 3

A patient on long-term bisphosphonate therapy for osteoporosis undergoes tooth extraction. Four months later, exposed necrotic bone is visible at the extraction site. What is the correct diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ)

Answer

MRONJ is defined as exposed or necrotic bone in the jaw that has not healed within 8 weeks in a patient with current or previous antiresorptive therapy without prior radiation to the jaws.

Question 4

Which of the following conditions is associated with trismus, medial pterygoid fibrosis, and a burning sensation of the oral mucosa with betel nut use?

Accepted Answer

Oral submucous fibrosis

Answer

Oral submucous fibrosis is a potentially malignant disorder caused by areca nut (betel quid) chewing, characterized by progressive fibrosis leading to trismus and mucosal rigidity.

Question 5

A child presents with a dome-shaped, painless swelling on the anterior palate near the midline. Radiograph reveals a heart-shaped radiolucency between the roots of the maxillary central incisors. What is the diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Nasopalatine duct cyst

Answer

The nasopalatine duct cyst is the most common non-odontogenic cyst of the oral cavity, presenting as a heart-shaped radiolucency between the central incisors near the incisive foramen.

(AGD) Academy of General Dentistry Certification Practice Test

(AGD) Academy of General Dentistry Certification Practice Test

AGD Oral Pathology and Diagnosis 5