ADAT Dental Pharmacology 3

Question 1

Which sedative-hypnotic drug is most commonly used for conscious sedation in dental offices in the US?

Accepted Answer

Midazolam

Answer

Midazolam is most commonly used for IV conscious sedation due to its rapid onset, short duration, and amnestic properties.

Question 2

A dental patient reports taking bisphosphonates for osteoporosis. What is the primary concern with invasive dental procedures?

Accepted Answer

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ)

Answer

Bisphosphonates impair osteoclast function and bone remodeling, increasing the risk of MRONJ after invasive dental procedures.

Question 3

What is the reversal agent for benzodiazepine overdose during dental sedation?

Accepted Answer

Flumazenil

Answer

Flumazenil is a competitive benzodiazepine receptor antagonist that rapidly reverses benzodiazepine-induced sedation.

Question 4

Which class of antibiotics should be avoided in patients with a history of penicillin anaphylaxis due to potential cross-reactivity?

Accepted Answer

First-generation cephalosporins

Answer

First-generation cephalosporins share similar R1 side chains with penicillins, conferring the highest cross-reactivity risk among cephalosporins.

Question 5

Nitrous oxide used in dental sedation acts primarily by which mechanism?

Accepted Answer

NMDA receptor antagonism and endogenous opioid release

Answer

Nitrous oxide produces sedation and analgesia primarily through NMDA receptor antagonism and stimulation of endogenous opioid release.

Advanced Dental Admission Test (ADAT) Practice Test