ADAT Dental Pharmacology 2

Question 1

What is the primary mechanism by which chlorhexidine reduces dental plaque?

Accepted Answer

Disrupts bacterial cell membranes and binds to oral surfaces for sustained release

Answer

Chlorhexidine is substantive—it binds to oral tissues and is slowly released, disrupting bacterial cell membranes over time.

Question 2

A patient taking warfarin needs a tooth extraction. Which antibiotic, if prescribed, is most likely to significantly enhance anticoagulation?

Accepted Answer

Metronidazole

Answer

Metronidazole inhibits CYP2C9, reducing warfarin metabolism and significantly increasing INR and bleeding risk.

Question 3

Which opioid is preferred for dental pain management in patients with renal impairment?

Accepted Answer

Hydromorphone

Answer

Hydromorphone is preferred in renal impairment because its active metabolites accumulate less than those of morphine or codeine.

Question 4

Which fluoride compound is most effective for remineralizing early enamel carious lesions in-office?

Accepted Answer

Sodium fluoride 5% varnish

Answer

Sodium fluoride 5% varnish (22,600 ppm F) applied in-office provides the highest concentration for effective remineralization of early lesions.

Question 5

What is the primary reason epinephrine-containing local anesthetics are used cautiously in patients taking non-selective beta-blockers?

Accepted Answer

Risk of hypertensive crisis due to unopposed alpha-adrenergic stimulation

Answer

Non-selective beta-blockers leave alpha receptors unopposed, so epinephrine can cause severe hypertension through vasoconstriction.

Advanced Dental Admission Test (ADAT) Practice Test