ACRN Opportunistic Infections Management 3

Question 1

Brain MRI in an HIV patient with CD4 of 80 shows multiple ring-enhancing lesions with surrounding edema. What is the most likely opportunistic infection?

Accepted Answer

Toxoplasma encephalitis

Answer

Ring-enhancing lesions on brain MRI are the classic radiologic finding of Toxoplasma encephalitis in HIV patients with CD4 < 100 cells/mm³.

Question 2

An HIV patient presents with painless white plaques on the lateral borders of the tongue that cannot be removed by scraping. What is this lesion?

Accepted Answer

Oral hairy leukoplakia

Answer

Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL), caused by Epstein-Barr virus, presents as white corrugated plaques fixed to the lateral tongue, unlike thrush which can be scraped off.

Question 3

Which organism is responsible for cryptosporidiosis, a cause of severe watery diarrhea in immunocompromised HIV patients?

Accepted Answer

Cryptosporidium parvum

Answer

Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite that causes profuse, watery diarrhea in HIV patients with low CD4 counts, and can lead to severe dehydration.

Question 4

What is the most effective intervention for treating cryptosporidiosis in an HIV-positive patient?

Accepted Answer

Initiation or optimization of ART to achieve immune reconstitution

Answer

Immune reconstitution through effective ART is the most important treatment for cryptosporidiosis, as no antiparasitic drug is reliably curative without CD4 recovery.

Question 5

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in HIV-positive patients is associated with co-infection by which virus?

Accepted Answer

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8)

Answer

Kaposi's sarcoma is caused by Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), which promotes vascular tumor development.

ACRN - AIDS Certified Registered Nurse Practice Test

ACRN - AIDS Certified Registered Nurse Practice Test

ACRN Opportunistic Infections Management 3