ACRN Opportunistic Infections Management

Question 1

At what CD4 count threshold is prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) recommended?

Accepted Answer

Less than 200 cells/mm³

Answer

Less than 500 cells/mm³

Answer

Less than 350 cells/mm³

Answer

Less than 100 cells/mm³

Question 2

A patient with HIV presents with fever, dry cough, and hypoxia. Chest X-ray shows bilateral interstitial infiltrates and the CD4 count is 150 cells/mm³. Which opportunistic infection is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP)

Answer

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)

Answer

CMV pneumonitis

Answer

Cryptococcal pneumonia

Question 3

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) most commonly occurs when the CD4 count drops below:

Accepted Answer

50 cells/mm³

Answer

200 cells/mm³

Answer

150 cells/mm³

Answer

100 cells/mm³

Question 4

A patient with HIV and CD4 of 45 cells/mm³ presents with headache, stiff neck, and altered mental status. CSF India ink preparation reveals encapsulated yeast. What is the diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Cryptococcal meningitis

Answer

Toxoplasma encephalitis

Answer

CMV encephalitis

Answer

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

Question 5

Toxoplasma gondii encephalitis typically occurs in HIV patients when the CD4 count falls below:

Accepted Answer

100 cells/mm³

Answer

200 cells/mm³

Answer

150 cells/mm³

Answer

50 cells/mm³

Question 6

Which drug is the preferred first-line prophylaxis for PCP in HIV patients with CD4 < 200 cells/mm³?

Accepted Answer

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)

Answer

Dapsone

Answer

Atovaquone

Answer

Pentamidine

Question 7

CMV retinitis is an AIDS-defining illness that most commonly occurs when CD4 count falls below:

Accepted Answer

50 cells/mm³

Answer

200 cells/mm³

Answer

150 cells/mm³

Answer

100 cells/mm³