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Exercise Physiology Flashcards

7 cards from real ACE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Exercise Physiology flashcards as text

  1. A client's resting heart rate decreases after 12 weeks of aerobic training. This is primarily due to:

    Answer: Increased parasympathetic nervous system tone

    Aerobic training enhances vagal (parasympathetic) tone, which slows the sinoatrial node and lowers resting heart rate, often called 'athlete's bradycardia.'

  2. Which type of muscle contraction produces the GREATEST amount of force?

    Answer: Eccentric contraction

    Eccentric (lengthening) contractions generate the greatest force because both active cross-bridge cycling and passive elastic elements (titin) resist the stretch.

  3. Which physiological variable best predicts aerobic exercise performance in trained athletes?

    Answer: Lactate threshold as a percentage of VO2 max

    While VO2 max sets the ceiling, the lactate threshold expressed as a percentage of VO2 max is a superior predictor of endurance performance because it reflects sustainable exercise intensity.

  4. What is the primary role of the enzyme creatine kinase (CK) during high-intensity exercise?

    Answer: Catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate from phosphocreatine to ADP to regenerate ATP

    Creatine kinase catalyzes the reaction PCr + ADP → Cr + ATP, rapidly regenerating ATP from the phosphocreatine store during short, high-intensity bursts of activity.

  5. Which of the following occurs in fast-twitch (Type II) muscle fibers compared to slow-twitch (Type I) fibers?

    Answer: Faster myosin ATPase activity

    Type II fibers have faster myosin ATPase, allowing rapid cross-bridge cycling and high force production, but they fatigue more quickly due to lower oxidative capacity.

  6. During exercise in the heat, blood flow is redistributed to the skin for cooling. This can impair performance primarily by:

    Answer: Reducing blood available to working muscles (cardiovascular drift)

    Cardiovascular drift occurs when blood shifts toward the skin for thermoregulation, reducing venous return and stroke volume, forcing a compensatory rise in heart rate to maintain cardiac output.

  7. The ATP produced per mole of glucose via complete aerobic oxidation (glycolysis + Krebs cycle + ETC) is approximately:

    Answer: 30–32 ATP

    Complete aerobic oxidation of one glucose molecule yields approximately 30–32 ATP through the combined processes of glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation via the electron transport chain.